The True/False Film Festival is not an overtly "themed" festival in any way, but one topic that did emerge in quite a strong way, at least for me, in this year's program, reflected in both the workshops and films, was that of journalists bearing witness to world events through the camera lens, and the moral issues inherent in that activity.
Friday afternoon, I joined filmmaker Ian Olds (Occupation Dreamland), video journalist and filmmaker Richard Parry, and his documentary subject, photojournalist Robert King in a discussion called "The Frontline Club: Lessons on Shooting and Being Shot At." (Unfortunately, Vaughn Smith, the slated panel moderator and founder of the Frontline Club in London, didn't make it on time.) All three men have been in combat zones armed only with a camera. Parry and King have been doing it for decades and have documented many of those journeys in an incredible film called Blood Trail, which was exhibited at the fest. Why a theatrical distributor (or any other kind, for that matter) hasn't grabbed this piece is beyond me, for it is a viscerally potent document of what it is to be a witness to war, knee-deep in blood and body parts and dodging mortar fire, trying to capture on film the atrocities happening in every corner of the world. Are these men who go willingly into battle zones to get the story incredibly brave or incredibly foolhardy? King, a sensitive and profoundly introspective man, says that, "You never come away untouched." He also says, simply, "This is what I do." (Photo above courtesy of Robert King.)
Photojournalists are our safeguard against historical revisionism. Once the shutter is snapped, the film (most of the time clandestinely) shuttled to an editor and the images printed in the paper, it is irrevocable, events branded upon the collective consciousness in a way that dozens of stories written by Nicholas Kristof could never convey (more about this in a moment). Yet Olds expressed quite strongly that he would probably never put himself in that situation ever again, his moral confusion and "profound unease" as that kind of witness forever irreconcilable with his desire to document an important story, no matter how compelling. Parry's film explores this harrowing issue through King's narrative, the constant grappling and coming to terms with the strange kind of passivity inherent in the job, the weighty decision of whether to continue to document or to put down the camera and do something always hanging in the balance. What we learn is that in most cases that would be foolhardy, at best, deadly for all involved, at worst. King explains that after doing this for so many years, his world becomes finely honed to what he has framed in his lens; the only other thing he listens for is a shell or bullet headed his way--everything else goes away, the screaming, the smell of burning flesh, the carnage he steps over. It's only until he's somewhere safe that those senses come alive in his memory.
The audience was made up of mostly local people, many of them young journalism students (the event was held in the gorgeous Reynolds Journalism Institute at the Missouri School of Journalism in Columbia). What is top of mind for them is how journalism needs to be reinvented, or more accurately, how journalistic ethics must change to meet the challenges of the 21st century. While it is infinitely easier to get digital files sent out of a war zone versus rolls of film, the issues about working in a war zone only seem to thicken and congeal into ever-expanding quandaries, for now we know too much about what goes on. Or do we?
This is one of the questions Eric Metzgar's new film Reporter grapples with, the irrefutable fact that journalism, as we've come to know it, has profoundly changed. Newspapers and other printed sources are shrinking, foreign bureaus scaling way back or closing altogether. With the loss of objective and in-depth reporting rampant in our news organizations, the fear is that there will be a huge loss of the kind of comprehensive knowledge and understanding we've come to rely upon from our most intrepid journalists. Reporter focuses on the work of New York Times' columnist, Nicholas Kristof, a two-time Pulitzer Prize winning journalist who almost single-handedly put the crisis in Darfur on the world's radar.
Metzgar, who directed, shot and edited the film, accompanies Kristof to Congo. As he does in all of his films, he shares his own story and his own insights about his experience accompanying someone on a complex journey through his sensitive, but forthright, narration, although this time he experiences a kind of fear he's never encountered before, for he visits a place that instinctively scares everyone, including the man who has led him there. For over a decade, a brutal war has been waged in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Over 5 million people have died as a result and despite interventions of floods of money and peacekeeping missions by the international community, including the UN, the fighting that is taking place there now is the most destructive since 2005.
But the long, bloody and intricate history of the place and the staggering statistics reported from there are, let's face it, a surefire way to completely deaden any interest. There is a wall of pain and suffering too tall and wide and deep to penetrate with any kind of compassion, and feeling not just helpless, but numbed in the face of all this, we turn away to other things that are much easier to digest over a bowl of cornflakes. Kristof knows this and so he's learned that the unwieldy story needs to be writ very small, the larger narrative told through a singular one. The two stories he chooses to tell (and Metzgar documents) are of Yohanita (pictured above), a 41-year-old, 60-pound woman dying of infection, displaced from her village by the warring lords of the region; and the story of one of those warlords, Laurent Nkunda, "sent by God" to protect the people, sporting a "Rebels for Chirst" button. What Kristof and Metzgar know about him, as well, is that he spends most of his time overseeing a great number of troops that are busy raping and killing hundreds of innocent villagers. After explaining this heady "mission" of his, he invites them to stay for dinner. It is a surreal nightmare along the lines of Coppola's Apocalypse Now. But this is very real and very strange, really no place for white men with cameras and laptops to try and document and understand the terrain. It is a brash and reckless and heady task. But no one else is doing it, now are they?
In my next post, I'll talk about Burma VJ, Reporting From a Closed Country, another extraordinary film I got to see at T/F in which a filmmaker decides to use the artifice of cinema to protect his subjects and ends up creating a collective experience beyond politics, beyond belief. As Ari Folman did with his animated masterpiece, Waltz with Bashir, Anders Østergaard has created a magnificent nonfiction thriller and a true testament to the courage of journalists.
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